From March 3-6, 2013 several lab members will attend the 8th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction in Tokyo, Japan. Attending members are: Professor Brian Scassellati, David Feil-Seifer (Postdoc), Henny Admoni (Graduate Student), Brad Hayes (Graduate Student), and Sam Spaulding (Undergraduate Student). Henny Admoni will present her paper Are You Looking At Me?: Perception of robot attention is mediated by gaze duration and group size.
Paper Abstract—Studies in HRI have shown that people follow and understand robot gaze. However, only a few studies to date have examined the time-course of a meaningful robot gaze, and none have directly investigated what type of gaze is best for eliciting the perception of attention. This paper investigates two types of gaze behaviors—short, frequent glances and long, less frequent stares—to find which behavior is better at conveying a robot’s visual attention. We describe the development of aprogrammable research platform from MyKeepon toys, and the use of these programmable robots to examine the effects of gaze type and group size on the perception of attention. In our experiment, participants viewed a group of MyKeepon robots executing random motions, occasionally fixating on various points in the room or directly on the participant. We varied type of gaze fixations within participants and group size between participants. Results show that people are more accurate at recognizing shorter, more frequent fixations than longer, less frequent ones, and that their performance improves as group size decreases. From these results, we conclude that multiple short gazes are preferable for indicating attention over one long gaze, and that the visual search for robot attention is susceptible to group size effects.